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The target of the study was to determine the effect of an oral egg challenge in egg sensitized children on parental perceptions relating to their child ‘s allergy. A questionnaire was completed by parents for 167 children attending a tertiary pediatric clinic with testis sensitizing. The questionnaires included 10 questions concerning parental perceptions of their child ‘s egg allergy. parental perceptions of those children who had not had an egg challenge ( n = 83 ) were compared with those whose children had a positivist ( north = 27 ) and those with a negative ( north = 57 ) testis challenge. A significant difference ( p = parents in the CN group expected little or no future inconvenience for the child. The responses of parents whose child had undergone an egg challenge differed significantly ( p = arithmetic mean of little or no future discomfort for the child and whether others treated the child differently. The performance of an egg challenge was associated with reduce adverse parental concerns. For 6/10 parameters, expectations concerning egg allergy in children who had been challenged were importantly better than those who had never been challenged regardless of the challenge consequence. The greater certainty provided by the performance of a food challenge may be a positive consequence in both CP and CN children .

2010-04-01
… 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Eggs. 160.100 section 160.100 Food and Drugs FOOD … CONSUMPTION EGGS AND EGG PRODUCTS Requirements for Specific Standardized Eggs and Egg Products § 160.100 Eggs … identity for the food normally known as eggs. …

Full Text Available Avian brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of early birds, and impose the costs associated with rearing epenthetic unseasoned onto these hosts. many hosts of brood parasites defend against parasitism by removing extraneous eggs from the nest. In systems where parasitic eggs mimic host eggs in coloration and pattern, extensive intraclutch variation in testis appearances may impair the host ‘s ability to recognize and reject epenthetic eggs, but experimental investigation of this effect has produced conflicting results. The cognitive mechanism by which hosts recognize parasitic eggs may vary across brood leech hosts, and this may explain variation in experimental result across studies investigating egg rejection in hosts of egg-mimicking brood parasites. In line, for hosts of non-egg-mimetic parasites, intraclutch egg color pas seul is not predicted to co-vary with alien testis rejection, regardless of cognitive mechanism. here we tested for effects of intraclutch testis color version in a host of nonmimetic brood leech by manipulating egg color in american robins ( Turdus migratorius, hosts of brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater. We recorded robins ‘ behavioral responses to fake cowbird parasitism in nests where color pas seul was artificially enhanced or reduced. We besides quantified egg color version within and between unmanipulated robin clutches as perceived by robins themselves using spectrophotometric measures and avian ocular modeling. In unmanipulated nests, egg color varied more between than within robin clutches. As bode, however, handling of color magnetic declination did not affect rejection rates. overall, our results best digest the scenario wherein egg rejection is the consequence of selective blackmail by a nonmimetic brood leech, because robins are efficient rejecters of extraneous eggs, regardless of the color variation within their own clutch bag .

Science.gov ( United States )
Kaewmanee, Thammarat ; Benjakul, Soottawat ; Visessanguan, Wonnop
2011-03-01
Chemical musical composition, textural properties, and microstructure of cook hedge egg salted by 2 methods ( coating and immersing ) were determined during 4 wk of salting. As the salt time increased, moisture contented increased and salt content decreased for both cooked salted egg white and yolk. Oil exudation of cook yolk and expressible water content of cook egg flannel obtained from both salting methods increased as salting proceeded ( P cook, oil exudate accompanied by the solubilized pigments, specially at the out level of egg yolk, was obtained. At week 3 of salt, egg egg yolk from coating method acting had the higher egg exudate than that from immersing method. As the salting times increased, the lower hardness, give, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience with higher adhesiveness and cohesiveness were generally found in cooked salt egg white ( P cooked yolk increased endlessly and reached the utmost at week 2 and 2 to 3 for immersing and coating method ( P testis after heating, compared with the bracing counterpart. As visualized by scanning electron microscope, mousse of cooked salt egg white was clot type with larger voids. Salting methods determined anoint exudation in egg yolk and texture profile of egg white gelatin after cooking ; however, those attributes were besides governed by the salt time. Salted dip egg can be made by 2 methods ( coating and immersing ) affecting the feature of salt egg white and egg yolk after cooking. desirable cooked salted egg having the bolshevik egg yolk with hardness and high petroleum exudation could be obtained when salting was carried out for 3 and 4 wk for immersing and coating method, respectively .

The USDA-FSIS estimates that pasteurization of all shell eggs in the U.S. would reduce the annual number of illnesses by more than 110,000, even less than 1 % of shell eggs are commercially pasteurized. One of the chief reasons for this is that the current procedure, hot water ingress, requires approxi …

Full Text Available In addition to the issue of fleshiness in humans, the production of low-fat meat from domestic animals is significant in the agrarian diligence to satisfy consumer demand. Understanding the regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue could advance our cognition to potentially solve both issues. Although the G0/G1 switch gene 2 ( G0S2 was recently identified as an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase ( ATGL in vitro, its role in vivo has not been fully clarified. This study was conducted to investigate the function of G0S2 gene in vivo by using two independent transgenic flinch lines during different energy conditions. unexpectedly, G0S2 overexpression had a negligible effect on plasma NEFA assiduity, fatten cellular telephone size and fat pad slant under ad libitum feeding circumstance when adipose lipolytic natural process is minimal. A two-week feed limitation in non-transgenic quail expectedly caused increased plasma NEFA concentration and dramatically reduced fatten cell size and fatness slog weight. Contrary, G0S2 overexpression under a tip limitation resulted in a significantly less elevation of plasma NEFA concentration and smaller reductions in fat pad weights and fat cell size compared to non-transgenic flinch, demonstrating inhibition of lipolysis and resistance to loss of fat by G0S2. Excessive G0S2 inhibits lipolysis in vivo during active lipolytic conditions, such as food limitation and fast, suggesting G0S2 as a potential aim for treatment of fleshiness. In accession, transgenic quail are novel models for studying lipid metabolism and mechanisms of fleshiness .

Newman, Stuart A
2011-11-15
The evolutionary origin of the egg stage of animal growth presents several difficulties for ceremonious developmental and evolutionary narratives. If the egg ‘s internal arrangement represents a template for cardinal features of the train organism, why can taxa within a given phylum exhibit very unlike testis types, run through a coarse intercede morphology ( the alleged “ phylotypic stage ” ), lone to diverge again, thus exemplifying the embryonic “ hourglass ” ? furthermore, if different egg types typically represent adaptations to unlike environmental conditions, why do birds and mammals, for exemplar, have such vastly unlike eggs with esteem to size, form, and postfertilization dynamics, whereas all these features are more similar for ascidians and mammals ? here, I consider the possibility that different body plans had their beginning in self-organizing physical processes in ancient clusters of cells, and suggest that eggs represented a hardened of mugwump evolutionary innovations subsequently inserted into the developmental trajectories of such aggregates. I first describe how “ dynamic pattern modules ” ( DPMs ) associations between components of the metazoan developmental-genetic toolkit and certain physical processes and effects may have organized primitive animal body plans independently of an egg degree. adjacent, I describe how adaptive specialization of cells released from such aggregates could have become “ proto-eggs, ” which regenerated the parental cell clusters by cleavage, conserving the characteristic DPMs available to a ancestry. then, I show how know processes of cytoplasmic reorganization following fertilization are frequently based on spontaneous, self-organizing forcible effects ( “ egg-patterning processes ” : EPPs ). I suggest that quite than acting as developmental blueprints or prepatterns, the EPPs refine the phylotypic body plans determined by the DPMs by setting the limit and initial conditions under which these multicellular model